November 11, 1918, marks a momentous day in Polish history: after 123 years under partition, Poland reclaimed its independence. The path to sovereignty was shaped by both diplomatic efforts and, notably, the actions of Józef Piłsudski, whose leadership and strategic resolve proved crucial in the struggle to revive the Polish state.
Piłsudski’s unyielding stance toward Poland's partitioning powers—Russia, Prussia, and Austria—earned him the trust and respect of both the general populace and influential political groups. His reputation and influence grew steadily, prompting the Regency Council, a governing body established by Germany and Austria-Hungary, to transfer its authority and supreme command of the Polish Army to Piłsudski. This decision marked a crucial turning point in Poland’s journey toward autonomy.
The Regency Council recognized that its political role was drawing to a close and prioritized assembling a government with broad social support. In preparation for Poland’s anticipated independence, they aimed to establish an inclusive governing body and prepare for forthcoming elections to the Seym (Polish Parliament). On November 10, 1918, Józef Piłsudski, recently released from imprisonment in Magdeburg Fortress, arrived in Warsaw on a special train from Berlin. This arrival symbolized the end of internal deliberations over who would lead the nation to independence and secure the unity of its people.
The following day, November 11, 1918, Germany signed the Armistice, effectively ending World War I. Recognizing the momentous opportunity, the Regency Council dissolved itself on November 14, transferring full authority over the Kingdom of Poland to Piłsudski. With his unmatched credibility and leadership, Piłsudski assumed command of the nascent Polish Army, inspiring various pro-independence groups to unify under his guidance. This date has since been commemorated as the day Poland officially regained its independence.
Only days later, on November 16, Piłsudski communicated Poland’s newfound independence to the global community, addressing both Allied and neutral states. His message, delivered at a pivotal moment as preparations for the post-war peace conference began, underscored the urgency of including Polish representatives in these discussions. This diplomatic gesture was essential to ensuring that the borders of the reborn Polish state would align with the aspirations and needs of its people.
Through a combination of decisive leadership, diplomatic foresight, and national unity, Józef Piłsudski’s efforts laid the foundation for an independent Poland—a hard-won victory after over a century of foreign domination.