Five European Union countries accounted for the majority of seasonal work residence permits, with Italy leading the way. Italy issued 73,536 authorisations, representing 41.5% of the total number of permits granted across the EU.
France followed as the second-largest issuer, granting 37,354 authorisations, or 19.5% of the total, while Croatia ranked third with 17,869 permits, making up 9.3%. Spain and Finland rounded out the top five, issuing 12,554 and 7,842 authorisations, respectively, representing 6.5% and 4.1% of all permits issued in 2023.
Together, these five countries granted 155,155 seasonal work authorisations, accounting for 80.8% of the EU total.
On the opposite end of the spectrum, Belgium and Slovakia issued the fewest authorisations, with 99 and 42 permits, respectively. Meanwhile, countries such as Hungary, Luxembourg, Malta, and the Netherlands did not issue any seasonal work permits during the year.