Belgium, located at the heart of Europe, is not only famous for its chocolates, waffles, and cultural diversity but also as a hub for international students, expats, and professionals. If you are planning to move to Belgium for study, work, or long-term stay, it’s crucial to understand the visa and residence permit requirements. This guide covers everything you need to know about the process.

Types of Visas for Belgium

Belgium offers several types of visas depending on the purpose and duration of your stay:

• Short-Stay Visa (Schengen Visa - Type C):
  Valid for up to 90 days within a 180-day period. This is ideal for tourism, short business trips, or visiting family.

• Long-Stay Visa (National Visa - Type D):
  Required for stays exceeding 90 days. This is the gateway to obtaining a residence permit for purposes like study, work, or family reunification.

Who Needs a Visa for Belgium?

• EU/EEA and Swiss citizens do not need a visa to enter or stay in Belgium.

• Non-EU/EEA nationals usually need a visa to enter and a residence permit to stay long-term.

• Certain countries have visa-free agreements for short stays.

Residence Permits in Belgium

Once you enter Belgium with a long-stay visa (Type D), you must apply for a residence permit to legally reside in the country.

• Temporary Residence Permit (A Card): Issued for students, workers, and researchers. Usually valid for one year and renewable.

• Permanent Residence Permit (B Card): Granted after five years of uninterrupted legal residence. It provides more rights, such as access to social benefits and easier mobility within the EU.

• Special Residence Status: For diplomats, EU officials, and highly skilled professionals.

How to Apply for a Belgian Visa

1. Determine Visa Type: Based on your purpose of stay (study, work, family, or other).

2. Prepare Documents: Valid passport, visa application form, proof of accommodation, financial means, medical insurance, and police clearance certificate.

3. Submit Application: At the Belgian embassy/consulate in your home country.

4. Visa Decision: Processing times vary (from 15 days for Schengen visa to several weeks for Type D visa).

How to Apply for a Residence Permit

1. Register at the Local Commune (Town Hall): Within 8 days of arrival in Belgium.

2. Submit Required Documents: Passport, visa, proof of residence, financial resources, and purpose of stay.

3. Biometric Data Collection: Fingerprints and photo will be taken.

4. Receive Residence Card: Usually ready in a few weeks.

Extension and Renewal of Residence Permits

• Apply at least 45 days before expiry.

• Provide updated documents (employment contract, enrollment proof, financial means).

• Failing to renew may lead to loss of legal status.

Family Reunification in Belgium

Belgium allows family members of legal residents to join them under certain conditions. Eligible family members include:

• Spouse or registered partner

• Dependent children under 18

• Parents (in specific cases)

Work Permits in Belgium

Non-EU nationals generally need both a work permit and a residence permit. Types of work permits include:

• Single Permit: Combines work and residence authorization.

• Blue Card: For highly skilled non-EU professionals.

Permanent Residence and Citizenship

• Permanent Residence: Possible after 5 years of uninterrupted legal residence.

• Belgian Citizenship: Can be applied for after 5 years (with economic integration) or 10 years (with social integration).

Tips for a Smooth Application Process

• Always apply well in advance.

• Keep multiple copies of all documents.

• Check updated rules on the Official Belgian Immigration Office website as regulations may change.